Cleaning technologies

Principle	Mode of action	Result	Possible disadvantages
Sedimentation	Mechanical sedimentation of contaminants	Lower turbidity, Less solid contents	Time requirement = Volumes for sedimentation process
Skimmer overflow	Removal of floating contaminants with fats and oil	Less floating layers	Loss of water due to overflow
Sand filtration	Retaining particulates, as well as substances in part	Lower turbidity, Less solid contents	It is necessary to clean the sand bed
Multi-layer filter	Multiple layers different filter mediums	Depending on filter material, cleaning up to micron band, backflushing can be done	Frequent backflushing, cleaning expenses
Trickle filter	Filter medium do not stay in water instead are continuous Rinsed by water	Biological cleaning	Cyclical process, power consumption
Sieving	Mechanical retention of contaminants	Lower solid contents	Cleaning, maintenance
Cyclone cleaning	The heavy particles are routed out by the centrifugal force generated in the rotating water	Lower turbidity, Lower solid contents	Requires primary pressure, power consumption
Activated carbon	Adsorption	Removing non-polar water substances, such as mineral oil and organic compounds	Maintenance, depending on dirt
Diaphragm filtration, Micro filtration	Mechanical retaining of contaminants up to bacteria size	Clear water , Bacteria free	Maintenance, costs
Diaphragm filtration, Ultra filtration	No longer turbid, Virus-free	Keine Trübung mehr, Virenfrei	Cleaning, costs, higher pressure = energy consumption
Biological treatment	Decomposition of contamination load under oxygen consumption	Reduction of COD value = good storage quality	Time required = Volume, Oxygen requirement, Breakdown with certain cleaning agents
Flotation	Decomposition through gas pocket	Lower COD content – good storage quantity	Blower supply, Foam discharge = technical expenditure
Katadyn procedure	Bactericide through metal ions	Reduction of bacteria and virus over a longer period	Dosage Cost
Chlorine	Bactericide through chlorine	Reduction of bacteria and virus over a longer period	Dosage, Cost
UV radiation	UV Light	Reduction of bacteria and viruses	Maintenance, Power consumption, Re-eutrophication
Advanced-Oxidation Process	Bacteria and viruses are inactivated with the help of active oxygen	Reduction of bacteria and viruses	Dosage, Cost